[Immunohistochemical markers of cell proliferation in laryngeal carcinoma]. / Marcadores inmunohistoquímicos de proliferación celular en el carcinoma de laringe.

Although several clinicopathological factors may contribute to the prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma, these factors are still uncertain because the carcinogenesis process and malignant behavior are not well known. Immunohistochemical methods using two important markers, PCNA and Ki67 antigen, were used to assess proliferative activity in malignant laryngeal lesions. We studied the correlation between expression of these markers and clinical factors in 72 patients with carcinoma of the larynx: age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, marital status, etc. We also analyzed other known biological and histopathological prognostic factors (tumor stage, histological grade, lymph node metastases, and local invasion). PCNA and Ki-67 expression differed significantly in relation to histological grade and lymph node involvement. No associations were seen between the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 antigens and other study parameters.

[Study of bcl-2 oncogene in squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx]. / Estudio del oncogén Bcl-2 en el carcinoma escamoso de laringe.

Apoptosis is a special type of programmed cell death that occurs in the embryonic period, in normal adult tissues, and in several pathological situations. The Bcl-2 gene (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma) is the first member of an oncogene family whose main function is to increase cell survival and inhibit apoptosis, thus participating in the carcinogenic process. This relationship motivated our study of antiapoptosis through the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 oncogene in 72 patients with cancer of the larynx who underwent surgery in our department. The correlation between immunohistochemical expression and clinical factors was analyzed: age, sex, work, smoking and drinking history, marital status, etc., as well as other known biological and histopathological prognostic factors (tumoral stage, histological grade, neck metastases, and local invasion). Bcl-2 expression showed a statistically significant correlation with histological grade and regional lymph node involvement, but no correlation with the other parameters studied.

[Immunohistochemical expression of P53 suppressor genes and retinoblastoma in laryngeal carcinoma]. / Expresión inmunohistoquímica de genes supresores p53 y retinoblastoma en el carcinoma de laringe.

Carcinoma of the larynx is responsible for 1% of all tumors and for 25% of oncologic disease of the head and neck. Tumor suppressor genes control cell proliferation by suppressing specific mechanisms that stimulate the proliferative response. Rb and p53, both nuclear, are the most studied tumor suppressor genes. We evaluated the immunoexpression of these markers in 72 carcinomas of the larynx and correlated it with patients' clinical parameters: age, sex, occupation, tobacco and alcohol use, marital status, etc. Biological and anatomopathological parameters (tumor stage, histological type, degree of local invasion, and lymph node metastases) also were studied. Statistically significant differences were found in mean immunostaining for the Rb gene with respect to histological grade, lymph node enlargement, and smoking. We observed no positive correlation between p53 and the classic clinical-pathological parameters, although important trends were evident, as well as relatively frequent immunostaining (about 40%) of the total neoplastic population.

Marcadores inmunohistoquímicos de proliferación celular en el carcinoma de laringe / Immunohistochemical markers Of cell proliferation in laryngeal carcinoma

El desconocimiento de la carcinogénesis y del comportamiento tumoral hace que el pronóstico del carcinoma de laringe sea aún muy incierto, a pesar de que contamos con parámetros clínico-patológicos que nos pueden orientar en esta línea. Es por ello que nos planteamos valorar, por medio de las técnicas inmunohistoquímicas, la proliferación celular en este tipo de carcinomas, a partir de dos de los marcadores más importantes en la actualidad, como son el PCNA y el Ki-67. De esta forma hemos efectuado una correlación de la inmunoexpresión de estos dos marcadores con diferentes parámetros clínicos de 72 pacientes afectos de carcinoma de laringe, como son: edad, sexo, trabajo que desempeñan, tabaco, alcohol, estado civil, etc., así como con los parámetros pronósticos clásicos, tanto biológicos como anatomopatológicos (estadio tumoral, tipo histológico, grado de invasión local y metástasis linfáticas). Hemos obtenido diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la inmunoexpresión de PCNA y Ki-67 en referencia al grado histopatológico y a la existencia de adenopatías tumorales, mientras que el resto de los parámetros estudiados no han mostrado correlación alguna (AU)

Although several clinicopathological factors may contribute to the prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma, these factors are still uncertain because the carcinogenesis process and malignant behavior are not well known. Immunohistochemical methods using two important markers, PCNA and Ki67 antigen, were used to assess proliferative activity in malignant laryngeal lesions. We studied the correlation between expression of these markers and clinical factors in 72 patients with carcinoma of the larynx: age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, marital status, etc. We also analyzed other known biological and histopathological prognostic factors (tumor stage, histological grade, lymph node metastases, and local invasion). PCNA and Ki-67 expression differed significantly in relation to histological grade and lymph node involvement. No associations were seen between the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 antigens and other study parameters (AU)

Estudio del oncogén Bcl-2 en el carcinoma escamoso de laringe / Study of Bcl-2 oncogene in squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx

La apoptosis es un tipo particular de muerte celular programada que ocurre frecuentemente durante el desarrollo embrionario, en tejidos normales adultos, y en varias situaciones patológicas. El gen Bcl-2 (B-cell leukemial/lymphoma), representa el primer miembro de una categoría de oncogenes cuya función principal es la de aumentar la supervivencia celular e inhibir la apoptosis, participando así en el proceso de carcinogénesis. Esta interrelación nos ha llevado a estudiar la antiapoptosis mediante la valoración de la expresión inmunohistoquímica del oncogén Bcl-2 en 72 carcinomas de laringe intervenidos quirúrgicamente en nuestro servicio. De esta forma hemos efectuado una correlación de la inmunoexpresión con diferentes parámetros clínicos de los pacientes, como son: edad, sexo, trabajo que desempeñan, tabaco, alcohol, estado civil, etc.; así como con los parámetros pronósticos clásicos, tanto biológicos como anatomopatológicos (estadío tumoral, tipo histológico, grado de invasión local y metástasis linfáticas). Hemos obtenido diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la inmunoexpresión de Bcl-2 referente al grado histopatológico y a la existencia de adenopatías tumorales, mientras que el resto de los parámetros estudiados no han mostrado correlación alguna (AU)

Apoptosis is a special type of programmed cell death that occurs in the embryonic period, in normal adult tissues, and in several pathological situations. The Bcl-2 gene (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma) is the first member of an oncogene family whose main function is to increase cell survival and inhibit apoptosis, thus participating in the carcinogenic process. This relationship motivated our study of antiapoptosis through the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 oncogene in 72 patients with cancer of the larynx who underwent surgery in our department. The correlation between immunohistochemical expression and clinical factors was analyzed: age, sex, work, smoking and drinking history, marital status, etc., as well as other known biological and histopathological prognostic factors (tumoral stage, histological grade, neck metastases, and local invasion). Bcl-2 expression showed a statistically significant correlation with histological grade and regional lymph node involvement, but no correlation with the other parameters studied (AU)

Expresión inmunohistoquímica de genes supresores p53 y retinoblastoma en el carcinoma de laringe / Immunohistochemical expression of P53 suppressor genes and retinoblastoma in laryngeal carcinoma

El carcinoma de laringe supone el 1 por ciento de los tumores del organismo, así como el 25 por ciento de la patología oncológica de cabeza y cuello. Los genes supresores tumorales controlan la proliferación celular mediante supresión de mecanismos específicos que estimulan la respuesta proliferativa, siendo el Rb y el p53, ambos nucleares, los más estudiados. Hemos valorado la inmunoexpresión individualizada de estos marcadores en 72 carcinomas de laringe, efectuando una correlación con diferentes parámetros clínicos de los pacientes, como son: edad, sexo, trabajo que desempeñan, tabaco, alcohol, estado civil, etc., así como con los parámetros pronósticos clásicos, tanto biológicos como anatomopatológicos (estadio tumoral, tipo histológico, grado de invasión local y metástasis linfáticas). Hemos advertido diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medias de inmunotinción del gen Rb con respecto a los grupos de grado histopatológico, a la existencia de adenopatías tumorales y al tabaco. Por otra parte, no hemos observado correlación positiva del p53 con respecto a ninguno de los parámetros clínico Patológicos clásicos, si bien se perciben tendencias importantes, así como una media de inmunotinción relativamente alta (alrededor del 40 por ciento) en la población neoplásica total (AU)

Carcinoma of the larynx is responsible for 1% of all tumors and for 25% of oncologic disease of the head and neck. Tumor suppressor genes control cell proliferation by suppressing specific mechanisms that stimulate the proliferative response. Rb and p53, both nuclear, are the most studied tumor suppressor genes. We evaluated the immunoexpression of these markers in 72 carcinomas of the larynx and correlated it with patients' clinical parameters: age, sex, occupation, tobacco and alcohol use, marital status, etc. Biological and anatomopathological parameters (tumor stage, histological type, degree of local invasion, and lymph node metastases) also were studied. Statistically significant differences were found in mean immunostaining for the Rb gene with respect to histological grade, lymph node enlargement, and smoking. We observed no positive correlation between p53 and the classic clinical-pathological parameters, although important trends were evident, as well as relatively frequent immunostaining (about 40%) of the total neoplastic population (AU)

[Adenomatous degeneration in a prepuberal patient with generalized juvenile polyposis and angiomas of the oral mucosa]. / Degeneración adenomatosa en una paciente prepuberal afecta de poliposis juvenil generalizada y angiomas en mucosa oral.

The authors present a 12 year old patient affected by a juvenile polyposis syndrome. They describe the clinic and the complementary tests carried out, especially the findings of the digestive fibroendoscopy which allowed multiple polyps in the duodenum, colon and rectum to be shown, confirmed by an anatomopathological study. Two years afterwards, a total colectomy and ileoproctostomy was carried out. In the operative piece included numerous hamartomatous polyps with adenomatous isolated foci. A subsequent endoscopic exploration showed numerous polyps in anus and rectal stump. The adenomatous transformation and recidivation of her polyposis require close vigilance and a follow-up of this female patient in view of the possibility of the precocious development of a colorectal carcinoma.